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How does stock market work ?

Largest Stock Exchanges

Stock exchanges have been around for more than two centuries. The venerable NYSE traces its roots back to 1792 when two dozen brokers met in Lower Manhattan and signed an agreement to trade securities on commission. In 1817, New York stockbrokers operating under the agreement made some key changes and reorganized as the New York Stock and Exchange Board.

The NYSE and Nasdaq are the two largest exchanges in the world, based on the total market capitalization of all the companies listed on the exchange. The number of U.S. stock exchanges registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission has reached nearly two dozen, though most of these are owned by either CBOE, Nasdaq, or NYSE.15 The table below displays the 20 biggest exchanges globally, ranked by the total market capitalization of their listed companies.


Domestic Market Capitalization (USD millions)
 Exchange Location Market Cap.*
NYSEU.S.22,987,587
NasdaqU.S.13,286,825
Japan Exchange GroupJapan6,000,171
Shanghai Stock ExchangeChina5,037,349
EuronextFrance4,821,103
Hong Kong Exchanges and ClearingHong Kong4,595,366
LSE GroupU.K.4,024,164
Shenzhen Stock ExchangeChina3,454,965
TMX GroupCanada2,386,066
Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul)Saudi Arabia2,333,838
BSE India LimitedIndia2,181,351
National Stock Exchange of India LimitedIndia2,162,693
Deutsche Boerse AGGermany2,020,041
SIX Swiss ExchangeSwitzerland1,775,268
Nasdaq Nordic and BalticsSweden1,594,481
Australian Securities ExchangeAustralia1,497,599
Korea ExchangeSouth Korea1,402,716
Taiwan Stock ExchangeTaiwan1,143,210
B3 – Brasil Bolsa BalcãoBrazil1,118,281
Moscow ExchangeMoscow772,189

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