Static Storage Class in C

The static variables are used within function/ file as local static variables. They can also be used as a global variable

• Static local variable is a local variable that retains and stores its value between function calls or block and remains visible only to the function or block in which it is defined.
• Static global variables are global variables visible only to the file in which it is declared.

Example: static int count = 10;

Keep in mind that static variable has a default initial value zero and is initialized only once in its lifetime.

#include <stdio.h> /* function declaration */
void next(void);
static int counter = 7; /* global variable */
main() {
 while(counter<10) {
      next();
      counter++;   }
return 0;}
void next( void ) {    /* function definition */
   static int iteration = 13; /* local static variable */
   iteration ++;
   printf("iteration=%d and counter= %d\n", iteration, counter);}

Result:

iteration=14 and counter= 7
iteration=15 and counter= 8
iteration=16 and counter= 9

Global variables are accessible throughout the file whereas static variables are accessible only to the particular part of a code.

The lifespan of a static variable is in the entire program code. A variable which is declared or initialized using static keyword always contains zero as a default value.