Subatomic Particles

Protons

• Protons are positively charged subatomic particles. The charge of a proton is 1e, which corresponds to approximately 1.602 × 10^-19
• The mass of a proton is approximately 1.672 × 10^-24
• Protons are over 1800 times heavier than electrons.
• The total number of protons in the atoms of an element is always equal to the atomic number of the element.

Neutrons

• The mass of a neutron is almost the same as that of a proton i.e. 1.674×10^-24
• Neutrons are electrically neutral particles and carry no charge.
• Different isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but vary in the number of neutrons present in their respective nuclei.

Electrons

• The charge of an electron is -1e, which approximates to -1.602 × 10^-19
• The mass of an electron is approximately 9.1 × 10^-31.
• Due to the relatively negligible mass of electrons, they are ignored when calculating the mass of an atom.