Many other NVM memory types are widely used to read and write data to and from business and personal devices; each has its own advantages and disadvantages. NAND flash, the most common type used in data storage, includes several variants, such as single-level cells or one bit per multi-level cell or two bits per cell; three-level cells or three bits per cell and quad-level cells or four bits per cell, respectively.
Manufacturers kept updating NAND flash technology to reduce cost per bit. When they had difficulty in scaling two-dimensional NAND technology, which has a single layer of memory cells, they introduced 3D NAND flash memory.
Technology vendors are also continuing to work on additional NVMe technologies to minimize costs, enhance efficiency, improve data storage capacity, and decrease energy usage.